Global fish production reached a record 188.2 million tons in 2024, according to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations’ (FAO) 2026 State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture report. This underscores the vital role of seafood as a source of nutrition and income for billions worldwide.
For the first time, aquaculture, or fish farming, has surpassed wild-caught fisheries in supplying fish for human consumption. This significant shift carries profound implications for global food security and environmental sustainability.
Seafood provides essential proteins, omega-3 fatty acids, vitamins, and minerals that are difficult to obtain from other sources, particularly for vulnerable populations in low-income countries, the report highlights.
The Rise of Aquaculture
Per capita fish consumption has reached an all-time high of 20.7 kilograms annually. In numerous coastal and island nations, fish accounts for over half of the total animal protein intake.
The sector is also a significant economic driver, employing approximately 63.8 million people globally in fisheries and aquaculture. Women play a crucial role, especially in fish processing and trade. When the broader value chain is considered, fisheries and aquaculture support the livelihoods of around 600 million people worldwide.
Aquaculture production continues its rapid expansion, reaching 103.3 million tons in 2024. This milestone, described by the report as a “turning point” for global food systems, means that aquaculture now produces more fish for human consumption than wild-capture fisheries.
While Asia dominates production, aquaculture is expanding in Africa and Latin America, offering new avenues for rural development and poverty reduction. The report emphasizes the potential of small-scale aquaculture to improve nutrition and income in underserved communities.
Oceans Under Pressure
However, this growth is accompanied by escalating risks. Intensive aquaculture, if poorly managed, can strain local ecosystems, spread diseases, and contribute to pollution. The FAO stresses the need for governments to strengthen governance and promote sustainable practices to ensure sector expansion without incurring environmental costs.
Warming oceans, acidification, and shifting species distribution are already disrupting fisheries globally, threatening communities dependent on them. The report calls for urgent investment in climate adaptation and ecosystem-based management to safeguard marine resources.
The assessment concludes that “transformative change is needed,” urging governments to end harmful subsidies, combat illegal fishing, and invest in science-based management.
